MaUAV anogona kutakura akasiyana-siyana ekunzwa ari kure, ayo anogona kuwana akawanda-dimensional, akanyanya-chaiyo ruzivo rweminda yepurazi uye kuona kusimba kwekutarisa kweakawanda marudzi eruzivo rwepapurazi. Ruzivo rwakadaro runonyanya kusanganisira ruzivo rwekugovera nzvimbo yezvirimwa (nzvimbo yepurazi, kuzivikanwa kwembeu dzezvirimwa, fungidziro yenzvimbo uye shanduko ine simba, kutorwa kwezvivakwa zvemumunda), ruzivo rwekukura kwembesa (crop phenotypic parameters, zvinovaka muviri, goho), uye kushushikana kwekukura kwezvirimwa (mwando wemunda, tumbuyu nezvirwere) masimba.
Farmland Spatial Information
Ruzivo rwenzvimbo yenzvimbo yepurazi runosanganisira kurongeka kwenzvimbo dzeminda uye kupatsanurwa kwezvirimwa kunowanikwa kuburikidza nerusarura rwekuona kana kuzivikanwa nemuchina. Miganhu yemunda inogona kuzivikanwa nekuronga kwenzvimbo, uye nzvimbo yekudyara inogonawo kufungidzirwa. Nzira yechinyakare yekudhijita mamepu etopographic semepu yekutanga yekuronga dunhu uye fungidziro yenzvimbo haina kusimba kwenguva, uye mutsauko uripo pakati penzvimbo yemuganhu nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo wakakura uye hauna intuition, iyo isingakodzeri kuitiswa kwekurima chaiko. UAV iri kure inonzwa inogona kuwana yakazara nzvimbo yenzvimbo yepurazi munguva chaiyo, iyo ine mabhenefiti asingaenzaniswi emaitiro echinyakare. Mifananidzo yemuchadenga kubva kune yakakwirira-tsanangudzo yedhijitari kamera inogona kuona kuzivikanwa uye kutsunga kweruzivo rwekutanga rwenzvimbo yepurazi, uye kusimudzira tekinoroji yekumisikidza nzvimbo inovandudza humbowo nekudzika kwetsvakiridzo yeruzivo rwenzvimbo yepurazi, uye inovandudza kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo panguva yekuunza ruzivo rwekukwidzwa, iyo inowona kutarisisa kweruzivo rwenzvimbo yepurazi.
Ruzivo rweKukura Kwezvirimwa
Kukura kwezvirimwa kunogona kuratidzwa neruzivo rwe phenotypic parameters, zvinovaka muviri zviratidzo, uye goho. Phenotypic parameters inosanganisira chifukidzo chezvinomera, indekisi yenzvimbo yeshizha, biomass, kureba kwechirimwa, etc. Iyi mipimo ine hukama uye pamwe chete inoratidza kukura kwembesa. Maparamita aya anodyidzana uye pamwe chete anoratidza kukura kwembesa uye ane chekuita negoho rekupedzisira. Ndivo vakanyanya mukutsvagisa ruzivo rwepurazi uye zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaitwa.
1) Crop Phenotypic Parameters
Leaf area index (LAI) ihwerengedzo yenzvimbo yeshizha rakasvibira rine divi rimwe chete pachikamu chepamusoro penzvimbo, iyo inokwanisa kuratidza matorero echirimwa pamwe nekushandiswa kwesimba rechiedza, uye inofambirana zvakanyanya nekuunganidzwa kwechirimwa uye goho rekupedzisira. Leaf area index ndiyo imwe yemhando huru yekukura kwechirimwa parizvino inotariswa neUAV iri kure inonzwa. Kuverengera ma indices ezvinomera (ratio vegetation index, normalized vegetation index, soil conditioning vegetation index, difference vegetation index, etc.) ine multispectral data uye kugadza regression models ne ground chokwadi data inzira yakakura yekupidigura phenotypic parameters.
Pamusoro-pasi biomass munguva yekupedzisira yekukura kwembesa ine hukama hwepedyo nezvose goho uye kunaka. Parizvino, biomass estimation neUAV iri kure inonzwa mune zvekurima ichiri kunyanya kushandisa data yakawanda, inobvisa spectral parameters, uye kuverenga vegetation index yekuenzanisa; spatial configuration tekinoroji ine zvimwe zvakanakira mukufungidzira kwebiomass.
2) Zvirimwa Nutritional Indicators
Kutariswa kwechinyakare kwemamiriro ekudya kwezvirimwa kunoda sampling yemumunda uye kuongororwa kwemakemikari emukati kuti uongorore zviri mukati mekudya kana zviratidzo (chlorophyll, nitrogen, nezvimwewo), nepo UAV yekunzwa iri kure yakavakirwa pachokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvakasiyana zvine chaiwo spectral-yekunyura maitiro ekuongororwa. Chlorophyll inotariswa zvichibva pakuti ine matunhu maviri akasimba ekunyura mubhendi rechiedza rinooneka, rinova iro dzvuku chikamu che640-663 nm uye yebhuruu-violet chikamu che430-460 nm, nepo kunyura kune simba pa550 nm. Ruvara rweshizha uye magadzirirwo anoshanduka kana mbesa dzikashaikwa, uye kuwana huwandu hwemavara eruvara uye magadzirirwo anoenderana nekushomeka kwakasiyana uye zvine chekuita nazvo ndicho kiyi yekutarisisa kudya kunovaka muviri. Zvakafanana nekutariswa kwekukura kweparamita, kusarudzwa kwemabhandi ehunhu, indices yezvinomera uye mhando dzekufungidzira zvichiri izvo zvemukati zvechidzidzo.
3) Goho rezvirimwa
Kuwedzera goho ndicho chinangwa chikuru chezviitwa zvekurima, uye fungidziro chaiyo yegoho yakakosha kune ese ari maviri madhipatimendi ezvekurima nekuita sarudzo. Vatsvagiri vakawanda vakaedza kumisikidza mamodheru efungidziro yegoho nekunyatso kufanotaura kuburikidza nekuongorora kwakawanda.
Unyoro Hwekurima
Kunyorova kwepapurazi kunowanzotariswa nenzira dzekupisa infrared. Munzvimbo dzine chivharo chakakwirira chezvinomera, kuvharwa kweshizha stomata kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura nekuda kwekufema, izvo zvinoderedza kupisa kwakadzikama pamusoro pepamusoro uye kunowedzera kunzwisisika kwekupisa kunopisa pamusoro, izvo zvinokonzera kuwedzera kwekushisa kwekanopi, iyo inoonekwa seye tembiricha yechirimwa. Sekuratidza chiyero chesimba rezvirimwa cheiyo mvura stress indekisi inogona kuyera hukama pakati pechirimwa chemvura uye tembiricha yecanopy, saka tembiricha yecanopy inowanikwa neiyo thermal infrared sensor inogona kuratidza hunyoro hwenzvimbo yepurazi; ivhu risina chinhu kana chifukidziro chezvinomera munzvimbo diki, inogona kushandiswa kuchinjisa hunyoro hwevhu nekudziya kwepasi, inova musimboti wekuti: kupisa chaiko kwemvura kwakakura, tembiricha yekupisa inononoka kushanduka, saka kugoverwa kwenzvimbo kwekushisa kwepasi mukati mezuva kunogona kuratidzwa zvisina kunanga mukugovera hunyoro hwevhu. Nokudaro, kugoverwa kwepakati kwemasikati masikati ekushisa kwepasi kunogona kuratidza nenzira isina kunanga kugoverwa kwevhu revhu. Mukutarisa kwekushisa kwecanopy, ivhu risina chinhu chinhu chakakosha chinopindira. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakaongorora hukama pakati pekupisa kwevhu risina chinhu uye chivharo chevhu, vakajekesa kusiyana pakati pezviyero zvekushisa kwecanopy zvinokonzerwa nevhu risina chinhu uye kukosha kwechokwadi, uye vakashandisa migumisiro yakagadziriswa mukutarisa kwehunyoro hwepurazi kuvandudza huchokwadi hwemigumisiro yekuongorora. Mune iyo chaiyo yekugadzira minda manejimendi, kudonhedza kwemwando kwemunda ndikowo kutarisisa, kwave nezvidzidzo vachishandisa infrared mifananidzo yekutarisa kudiridza chiteshi mwando kuvuza, iko kurongeka kunogona kusvika 93%.
Zvipembenene uye Zvirwere
Kushandiswa kwepedyo-infrared spectral reflectance monitoring yezvipembenene zvezvirimwa nezvirwere, zvichibva pa: mashizha ari pedyo-infrared nharaunda yekuratidzira nesponge tissue uye fenzi yekudzivirira tishu, zvirimwa zvine utano, aya mapeji maviri ematishu akazadzwa nehunyoro uye kuwedzera, inoratidzira yakanaka yemwaranzi yakasiyana-siyana; kana chirimwa chakuvadzwa, shizha rinokuvadzwa, matishu anosvava, mvura inoderedzwa, infrared reflection inoderedzwa kusvikira yarasika.
Thermal infrared yekutarisa tembiricha zvakare chiratidzo chakakosha chezvipembenene nezvirwere. Zvirimwa zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu ane hutano, kunyanya kuburikidza nekudzora kweshizha stomatal kuvhurwa uye kuvhara kwe transpiration reguration, kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwekushisa kwavo pachavo; muchiitiko chechirwere, kuchinja kwehutano kuchaitika, iyo pathogen - mauto kupindirana mune pathogen pachirimwa, kunyanya pane transpiration-inoenderana nemafungiro emigumisiro ichasarudza chikamu chakakanganiswa chekushisa kukwira nekudonha. Kazhinji, kunzwa kwekudyara kunotungamirira kukuregererwa kwekuvhura kwestomatal, uye naizvozvo kuputika kwakakwirira munzvimbo yechirwere kupfuura munzvimbo ine utano. Kufema kwakasimba kunoita kuti kuderera kwekushisa kwenzvimbo ine utachiona uye kusiyana kwekushisa kwepamusoro pashizha pane shizha remazuva ose kusvikira makwapa e-necrotic aonekwa pamusoro peshizha. Masero ari munzvimbo yenecrotic akafa zvachose, kubuda muchikamu ichocho kwakarasika zvachose, uye tembiricha inotanga kukwira, asi nekuti mamwe shizha anotanga kutapukirwa, musiyano wetembiricha pashizha pamusoro unogara wakakwira kupfuura yechirimwa chine hutano.
Mamwe Mashoko
Mumunda wekutarisa ruzivo rwekurima, UAV kure inonzwa data ine huwandu hwakakura hwemashandisirwo. Semuenzaniso, inogona kushandiswa kubvisa nzvimbo yakawa yechibage uchishandisa maitiro akawanda ekugadzirwa, kuratidza kukura kwemashizha panguva yekukura kwekotoni uchishandisa NDVI index, uye kugadzira abscisic acid application prescription mepu inogona kunyatso kutungamira kupfapfaidza kweabscisic acid pakotoni kudzivirira kunyanyisa kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene, zvichingodaro. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekutarisisa minda yepurazi uye manejimendi, inzira isingadzivisike yekuvandudza kweramangwana rekurima ruzivo uye nedigital kuenderera mberi nekuongorora ruzivo rweUAV kure inonzwa data uye kuwedzera minda yayo yekushandisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-24-2024